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  • 'Thermodynamics of Materials' introduces the basic underlying principles of thermodynamics as well as their applicability to the behavior of all classes of materials, while providing an integrated approach from macro- (or classical) thermodynamics to meso- and nanothermodynamics, and microscopic (or statistical) thermodynamics.
  • In-depth reference for solid material thermodynamics Thermodynamics of Materials provides a comprehensive reference for chemical engineers and others whose work involves material science. Volume 1 covers the statistical and classical thermodynamics of solids, including enthalpy, entropy, energy exchange, and more. In-depth examination of property relationships includes chemical potentials.

STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES (continued) Molecular ∆fH°/kJ mol–1 ∆fG°/kJ mol–1 S°/J mol–1 K–1 C p/J mol–1 K–1 formula Name Crys. Thermodynamics is the branch of physics which is responsible for studying heat and its potential to produce energy, and properties related to both aspects. Types of thermodynamic systems In the first instance, some of the basic concepts related to thermodynamic systems are environment, system boundary and universe. 34 Full PDFs related to this paper. Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Materials.

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Thermodynamics
  • Equilibrium / Non-equilibrium
State
Processes
Cycles
Process functions
Functions of state
  • Temperature / Entropy (introduction)
  • Pressure / Volume
  • Chemical potential / Particle number
Specific heat capacityc={displaystyle c=}
T{displaystyle T}∂S{displaystyle partial S}
N{displaystyle N}∂T{displaystyle partial T}
Compressibilityβ=−{displaystyle beta =-}
1{displaystyle 1}∂V{displaystyle partial V}
V{displaystyle V}∂p{displaystyle partial p}
Thermal expansionα={displaystyle alpha =}
1{displaystyle 1}∂V{displaystyle partial V}
V{displaystyle V}∂T{displaystyle partial T}
  • Internal energy
    U(S,V){displaystyle U(S,V)}
  • Enthalpy
    H(S,p)=U+pV{displaystyle H(S,p)=U+pV}
  • Helmholtz free energy
    A(T,V)=U−TS{displaystyle A(T,V)=U-TS}
  • Gibbs free energy
    G(T,p)=H−TS{displaystyle G(T,p)=H-TS}
History
Philosophy
Theories
Key publications
  • 'An Experimental Enquiry
    Concerning ... Heat'
  • 'Reflections on the
    Motive Power of Fire'
Timelines
  • Art
  • Education

The thermodynamic properties of materials are intensive thermodynamic parameters which are specific to a given material. Each is directly related to a second order differential of a thermodynamic potential. Examples for a simple 1-component system are:

  • Compressibility (or its inverse, the bulk modulus)
  • Isothermal compressibility
βT=−1V(∂V∂P)T=−1V∂2G∂P2{displaystyle beta _{T}=-{frac {1}{V}}left({frac {partial V}{partial P}}right)_{T}quad =-{frac {1}{V}},{frac {partial ^{2}G}{partial P^{2}}}}
  • Adiabatic compressibility
βS=−1V(∂V∂P)S=−1V∂2H∂P2{displaystyle beta _{S}=-{frac {1}{V}}left({frac {partial V}{partial P}}right)_{S}quad =-{frac {1}{V}},{frac {partial ^{2}H}{partial P^{2}}}}
  • Specific heat (Note - the extensive analog is the heat capacity)
  • Specific heat at constant pressure
cP=TN(∂S∂T)P=−TN∂2G∂T2{displaystyle c_{P}={frac {T}{N}}left({frac {partial S}{partial T}}right)_{P}quad =-{frac {T}{N}},{frac {partial ^{2}G}{partial T^{2}}}}
  • Specific heat at constant volume
cV=TN(∂S∂T)V=−TN∂2A∂T2{displaystyle c_{V}={frac {T}{N}}left({frac {partial S}{partial T}}right)_{V}quad =-{frac {T}{N}},{frac {partial ^{2}A}{partial T^{2}}}}
  • Coefficient of thermal expansion
α=1V(∂V∂T)P=1V∂2G∂P∂T{displaystyle alpha ={frac {1}{V}}left({frac {partial V}{partial T}}right)_{P}quad ={frac {1}{V}},{frac {partial ^{2}G}{partial Ppartial T}}}

where P is pressure, V is volume, T is temperature, S is entropy, and N is the number of particles.

For a single component system, only three second derivatives are needed in order to derive all others, and so only three material properties are needed to derive all others. For a single component system, the 'standard' three parameters are the isothermal compressibility βT{displaystyle beta _{T}}, the specific heat at constant pressure cP{displaystyle c_{P}}, and the coefficient of thermal expansion α{displaystyle alpha }.

For example, the following equations are true:

cP=cV+TVα2NβT{displaystyle c_{P}=c_{V}+{frac {TValpha ^{2}}{Nbeta _{T}}}}
βT=βS+TVα2NcP{displaystyle beta _{T}=beta _{S}+{frac {TValpha ^{2}}{Nc_{P}}}}

The three 'standard' properties are in fact the three possible second derivatives of the Gibbs free energy with respect to temperature and pressure.

See also[edit]

  • Specific heat of melting (Enthalpy of fusion)
  • Specific heat of vaporization (Enthalpy of vaporization)

External links[edit]

  • The Dortmund Data Bank is a factual data bank for thermodynamic and thermophysical data.

References[edit]

  • Callen, Herbert B. (1985). Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN0-471-86256-8.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Material_properties_(thermodynamics)&oldid=870878152'

Photo showing gas bubbles form and collapse when a liquid is energized by ultrasound. (Courtesy of K.S. Suslick and K. J. Kolbeck, University of Illinois; National Science Foundation.)

Thermodynamics

Instructor(s)

Prof. W. Craig Carter

MIT Course Number

3.00

As Taught In

Fall 2002

Level

Undergraduate

Some Description

Instructor(s)

Prof.

As Taught In

Spring 2002

Course Number

2.24

Level

Undergraduate/Graduate

Features

Lecture Notes, Student Work

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Thermodynamics

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Treatment of the laws of thermodynamics and their applications to equilibrium and the properties of materials. Provides a foundation to treat general phenomena in materials science and engineering, including chemical reactions, magnetism, polarizability, and elasticity. Develops relations pertaining to multiphase equilibria as determined by a treatment of solution thermodynamics. Develops graphical constructions that are essential for the interpretation of phase diagrams. Treatment includes electrochemical equilibria and surface thermodynamics. Introduces aspects of statistical thermodynamics as they relate to macroscopic equilibrium phenomena.

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